Ovarian Growing Teratoma Syndrome: Surgical Outcomes in 63 Patients

A retrospective tertiary-center study assessed surgical outcomes in 63 patients with ovarian growing teratoma syndrome treated from 2000 to 2025. Residual disease after surgery was associated with recurrence; recurrence rates did not differ significantly between fertility-sparing and radical surgery groups.

Residual disease was associated with GTS recurrence.
Recurrence rates did not differ significantly by surgical approach.
Seven of nine patients seeking pregnancy conceived spontaneously.

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) can occur during or after treatment for ovarian immature teratoma. This retrospective study reviewed 63 patients treated at a tertiary center between 2000 and 2025. Median age at GTS diagnosis was 25.5 years, and the median interval from initial diagnosis was 12.3 months. GTS developed during chemotherapy in 47.6%, after chemotherapy in 42.9%, and following surgery without chemotherapy in 9.5%.\n\nComplete resection was achieved in 38 patients, while 50 underwent fertility-sparing surgery. During a median follow-up of 44 months, 17 patients had at least one recurrence. Residual disease after the initial GTS operation was the only factor associated with recurrence (P<0.001). Recurrence rates were 30% after fertility-sparing surgery and 15.4% after radical surgery, a difference that was not statistically significant (P=0.290). Seven of nine patients who wished to become pregnant had nine spontaneous pregnancies.\n\nThe authors report a favorable overall prognosis and emphasize complete debulking. The findings suggest fertility-sparing surgery may be feasible for selected patients, but the retrospective, single-center design and limited number of patients mean the comparison cannot establish equivalent recurrence risk. The authors advise comprehensive counseling about recurrence risk.

In practice

For patients with ovarian growing teratoma syndrome, this retrospective series supports aiming for complete resection, as residual disease was associated with recurrence. Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 50 of 63 patients, and recurrence was not significantly different from that after radical surgery (30% vs 15.4%; P=0.290); this does not establish equivalent risk. The findings may inform counseling for carefully selected patients who wish to preserve fertility, but derive from a single-center study and require individualized discussion of recurrence risk.

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Source

Annals of Surgical Oncology: Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Ovarian Growing Teratoma Syndrome: Experience from a Tertiary Center ↗

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