Review maps Campylobacter genomics, antimicrobial resistance and vaccine research

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. The review estimates that Campylobacter species cause about 500 million cases of acute diarrheal illness annually and notes that infection can be followed by severe sequelae, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. No licensed vaccine is available, while antimicrobial resistance complicates clinical management.

The authors synthesize evidence on epidemiology, genomic diversity and resistance mechanisms, using a One Health framework to consider transmission among human, animal and environmental reservoirs. They discuss genomic surveillance for tracking clonal expansion, horizontal gene transfer and resistance dissemination, alongside vaccine approaches including whole-cell, subunit, glycoconjugate and genomics-guided strategies. Antigenic variability, phase variation and limitations of experimental models remain obstacles. The review describes genomics-informed interventions in poultry and human contexts as promising, but provides no specific clinical intervention or quantified effectiveness in the supplied abstract. It calls for continued investment in surveillance, antimicrobial resistance research and antigen selection.