Review links social determinants with kidney and cardiovascular outcomes

The review describes evidence linking adverse social determinants of health (SDOH)—including economic hardship, education, and features of the built and natural environments—with kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. It places these associations in the context of CKM syndrome, which encompasses metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The authors summarize U.S. epidemiologic studies and discuss community- and individual-level influences, including commercial determinants of health.

The authors outline policy approaches intended to reduce harmful exposures and improve access to health-promoting resources. They also discuss proposed mechanisms through which SDOH may affect CKM outcomes, including glucocorticoid resistance, chronic sympathetic activation, pro-inflammatory transcription, weathering, and premature aging. This is a narrative review, not a trial of a specific intervention; it does not establish that the policy examples improve clinical outcomes. The supplied text identifies the article as publish-ahead-of-print dated November 2, 2026, a date that should be verified.