Cardiology news.

A Nature Medicine Perspective argues that cardiovascular research inadequately addresses sex-specific biology, limiting evidence for diagnosis and treatment in women. It outlines a translational research roadmap focused on female-predominant conditions, rather than reporting a new clinical study.

An observational study of two real-world cohorts assessed glucosuria as a potential marker of SGLT2 inhibitor adherence. Among 45,711 prescribed patients, glucosuria was associated with lower risks of mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and end-stage kidney disease over a mean 3.3 years.

A prespecified SELECT analysis of 7,594 participants treated with semaglutide for at least one year found that baseline clinical characteristics explained less than 10% of variation in peak weight loss. Median peak weight loss was 12.5%, reached after a median of 19 months.

A preclinical mouse study in Circulation linked PD-1 blockade to worsened pressure overload–induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure through cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CXCR3 or granzyme B rescued the aggravated cardiac phenotype; clinical applicability remains untested.

A French observational cohort study emulating a target trial included 1,997 patients with incident giant cell arteritis. Two-year incidence of a composite of coronary events, ischemic stroke, or all-cause death was 6.4% with tocilizumab versus 10.7% with methotrexate; the association does not establish causality.

A multisociety guideline provides recommendations for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management in adults undergoing noncardiac surgery. The supplied abstract describes an update to the 2014 guideline, informed by a literature search conducted from August 2022 through March 2023.

A translational study combined a mouse model of HFpEF-associated right ventricular dysfunction with analyses of human HFpEF cohorts. Myeloid-cell accumulation accompanied right ventricular abnormalities, and depletion lowered right ventricular systolic pressure in mice; human biopsies showed inflammatory changes and an association between dysfunction and CD68-positive cells.

A translational study combined patient plasma proteomics with animal experiments to investigate SMOC-1 in cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion doubled rupture incidence in mice, while overexpression reduced rupture rates; sample sizes were not provided in the available abstract.

An American Heart Association scientific statement reviews primary and secondary Raynaud phenomenon, including quality of life and treatment options. It highlights the risk of digital ischemia and tissue loss in secondary disease, while noting limited clinical trial evidence for treatment.

A prospective single-center registry of 4,221 atrial fibrillation ablation procedures found higher 30-day stroke/TIA rates with pulsed field than radiofrequency ablation: 0.47% versus 0.10%. The association persisted after propensity score weighting, but only 12 events occurred and the observational design limits causal interpretation.

A cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease analysis covering 204 countries and territories estimated 56.0 million prevalent heart failure cases in 2023. Underlying etiologies varied substantially by age and location, supporting geographically tailored prevention priorities.

A retrospective US registry study of 725,205 patients hospitalized for heart failure found that 71.9% had at least two additional cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic conditions. Increasing multimorbidity was associated with higher mortality and readmission risks, with the strongest associations in patients with reduced ejection fraction.

Extended follow-up of the SWEDEGRAFT randomized trial found no significant reduction in death, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization with no-touch versus conventional vein harvesting for CABG. Among 900 analyzed patients, the composite outcome occurred in 19.8% versus 20.4%, respectively, over a median 6.46 years.

An American Heart Association scientific statement examines antithrombotic undertreatment and its consequences in patients with atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease. It highlights gaps in prescribing, dosing, adherence, and access, and calls for interprofessional antithrombotic stewardship.

A longitudinal analysis of 895 doxorubicin-treated patients found that dexrazoxane exposure was associated with better preserved left ventricular systolic function. Reduced-function event rates were lower among high-risk survivors, but implications for cardiomyopathy screening require further evaluation.